How to approach Speaking and Listening through Drama

1. How to Begin with Teacher in Role
- Why use teacher in role?
Many teachers consider TiR as a difficult activity.  However, that when a teacher takes a role, he becomes 'attractive' to children, so there are fewer control problems because they are involved.  Many times we witness teachers trained with children's classes struggling to get attention when giving instructions in traditional teacher mode.  However, once they begin to play a role, they get that attention more effectively.
All of this introduces a series of interesting problems that children begin to experience and understand about their relationships with parents and about their relationships with the opposite sex.  Even if the main purpose of this work is not the study of Shakespeare's play, that role can be used to open up areas that are very important for personal and social education that can be identified by children.  That will motivate them and produce a very strong involvement with Hermia and then, if you introduce them, Egeus, and Demetrius and Lysander, rivals for his love.  (See complete drama settings in Part Two of this book.)
- Teacher as storyteller
The teacher as a storyteller is something all primary school teachers will recog-
nise. Good teachers slip easily into it and use it frequently.
The teacher's role is to communicate the text in a way of life and interesting, hold their attention and involve their imagination.  In making an assessment of the quality of this teaching method, critical questions will be around whether the content of the story attracts class interest and attracts their attention, whether the delivery of the teacher, namely: voicing, intonation and interpretation skills, both and, if relevant, whether the accompanying illustrations have impact and resonance.  For many students, the time spent listening to their teacher as storyteller will remain an important moment in their education. The relationship between the teacher as storyteller and the teacher uses drama, lies in the fact that they both use the generation of imagined reality to teach.
- Preparation for the role
In preparing to be this kind of storyteller the teacher must have made particular decisions about this child.
Begin by asking the class out of role what they want to ask the child and the order of those questions. This not only provides the teacher with some security in knowing what is going to be asked, at least initially, but also allows some minutes to refine the planning, so that the teacher can be specific in answering their questions. The questions will, to a certain extent, be predictable because
they are largely generated by the circumstances of the drama so far and the role
the class has taken, which will be that of anxious parents.
- Teaching from within
We  are  describing using role  as ‘teaching from within’ because the  teacher enters the  drama world, but  it is very  important to step  out  of the  fiction often and not let  it run away  with itself.  When using TiR, the  teacher is operating as a manager as well  as participant and must spend as much time stopping the drama and moving out  of role  (OoR)  to  reflect on  what is happening and give the  pupils a chance to think through what they know and what they want to do.  This  OoR working is as important as the  role  itself.  It manages the  role  and therefore the  drama; it  manages the  risk,  establishes where the  class  is and helps pupils believe in the drama. It provides time and space  for the  teacher to assess and reassess  the learning possibilities.
The  requirements of working in role
The teacher, working in this  way,  is an  important stimulus for the  learning. It is not necessary to  use  role  throughout the  piece  of work.  It can  be  used judiciously to focus  work  at strategic points or to challenge particular aspects of the children’s perceptions whilst other techniques and conventions are  used  to support the  work  and develop it.
In  order to  make the  TiR most effective, we  need to  look  at  educational drama from the   point of  view  of  the   ‘audience’, an  audience who in  this instance are  participants at  the  same  time.
Disturbing the class  productively
The  teacher’s function is to  provide challenge and stimulus, to  give  problems and issues  for the class  to  have to  deal  with. The  drama is developed through a set of activities that build the class role,  which is usually a corporate role.
We  have to  help them into the  drama, making them comfortable, and then disturb that comfort productively. The  fact  that, as in  any  good play,  the  class discover things as they go along provides the  possibility of productive tension.
The  teacher–taught relationship
If the  class  decide as a group they do  not want to  learn and they wish  to make your  attempts to  teach them impracticable, they can  do  it. The  power in the classroom lies with the  class.  Of course, it does  not look  like this  when the class are responding and contracting into the  tasks  set  by  the  teacher but should some or all  decide not to,  the  cohesion can  be  broken. In  drama this power relationship is made overt. We  must start from the  point of view  that if the  class do not want the drama to work  then it will not.

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